dodomo 2011-5-26 00:35
Chichen Itza Photos 瑪雅古城遺址
[size=3]瑪雅文明大約發端於公元前1800年，奇琴伊察則始建於公元5世紀，7世紀時佔地面積達25平方公里。瑪雅人在這裡用石頭建造了數百座建築物，這是瑪雅文明發展到鼎盛時期的產物。這些建築不僅高大雄偉，而且雕有精美的裝飾紋，顯示出古瑪雅人高超的建築藝術水平。
奇琴伊察的中心建築是一座聳立於熱帶叢林空地中的巨大金字塔，名為庫庫爾坎金字塔。這座金字塔的設計數據都具有天文學上的意義，它的底座呈正方形，它的階梯朝著正北、正南、正東和正西，四周各有91層台階，台階和階梯平台的數目分別代表了一年的天數和月數。這座金字塔高30米，呈長方形，上下共九層，最上層為一神廟。這一太陽金字塔四方各有91級的石階。台階總數加上一個頂層正好是365，代表一年的天數。台階兩側有寬一米多的邊牆，北面邊牆下端刻著一個高1.43為、長約1.8米、寬1.07米的帶羽毛的蛇頭，蛇嘴裡吐出一條長1.6米的大舌頭。每年春分秋分兩天的下午，「庫庫爾坎」蛇影即在塔上出現。當太陽開始西斜，陽光投射到北坡西邊牆上，就會映出七個等腰三角形，從上到下直到蛇頭，呈波浪狀，好像一條巨蛇在爬行。直到太陽落山，這條巨蛇才漸漸消失。人們讚歎這一奇觀的同時，使人們迷惑不解的是，古代的瑪雅人在建築這一金字塔時，是如何預先測定這一現象出現的，為人們留下了「庫庫爾坎」蛇影之謎。52塊有雕刻圖案的石板象徵著瑪雅日曆中52年為一輪迴年，這些定位顯然是經過精心考慮的。
瑪雅金字塔與埃及金字塔不同之處：
1、高度：瑪雅金字塔的高度遠不及埃及金字塔（埃及最高的金字塔為「胡夫金字塔」，原高146米；瑪雅最高的金字塔為「蒂卡爾4號神廟」，高75米）。
2、數量：瑪雅金字塔的數量遠遠超過埃及金字塔，僅在墨西哥境內，人們就發現了10萬多座金字塔。
3、外觀：瑪雅的這種[塔式建築從外觀上看，頂部多為平台，上面建有神廟，而且可以拾級而上；埃及金字塔則是錐頂。
4、功能：埃及金字塔都是法老們的陵墓，瑪雅金字塔的主要用以舉行各種宗教儀式，只有少量瑪雅金字塔具有陵墓的功能。
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